The Invention of the Wheel
The wheel arrives surprisingly late — long after agriculture, cities, and even the sailboat — because the hard part was never the wheel but the axle, which must be strong, smooth, and precisely fitted. Its earliest use may have been the potter's wheel, not transport at all. Married to the cart and later the war chariot, it transformed how much a person could carry, trade, and conquer, a reminder that a single mechanical idea can quietly reorganize an entire economy.
A new technology destroys and creates work faster than institutions and people can adapt, producing dislocation and backlash.