Adam Smith and The Wealth of Nations
A Scottish moral philosopher published a book arguing that a nation's wealth lay not in hoarded gold but in the productive work of its people, and that individuals pursuing their own interest could, through exchange, enrich everyone. Adam Smith gave the emerging industrial economy its founding text and its most quoted metaphor, the invisible hand. He also warned repeatedly that merchants conspire against the public and that markets need rules — a caution frequently left out when he is invoked.
A belief system rises, spreads, institutionalizes, and then schisms — changing the rules people accept as legitimate.