The Industrial Revolution
Beginning in Britain, steam power and the factory transformed how humans made things, multiplying output beyond anything in history while uprooting where and how people lived. Peasants became factory hands, villages became smoke-choked cities, and for the first time sustained economic growth became the normal condition of life. It was the Agricultural Revolution's sequel — a technology remaking human labor faster than any society could absorb the shock, with consequences we are still living.
A new technology destroys and creates work faster than institutions and people can adapt, producing dislocation and backlash.