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Entry 139 of 240Pandemic

The Black Death

1347–1351 CE/Europe/Medieval Europe
Today Europe (arriving via Black Sea trade routes)Span Second Plague Pandemic · 1347–1351 CE

Carried west along the very trade routes the Mongols had opened, bubonic plague reached Europe and killed perhaps a third to a half of everyone on the continent in just a few years. The horror was total — but for the survivors, suddenly scarce, it inverted the old order: labor could now demand high wages, walk away from serfdom, and claim rights it had never held. The catastrophe compressed concentrated wealth and rewrote the bargaining power of ordinary people, who had held almost none of it before.

◆ Worth knowingSo many workers died that survivors could suddenly demand real wages — and when lords tried to freeze pay by law, the result was revolt. The plague may have quietly dealt European serfdom its death blow.
◆ The mechanismPandemic

A pathogen spreads through a population and reshapes its demography, economy, and beliefs at once.

Also: Demographic shock & recovery · Wealth concentration & leveling · Institutional sclerosis

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